Although makeup has been part of American movie-making since the silent film era, it wasn't until 1981 that it received its own distinctive category on a regular basis in the Academy Awards. Hollywood makeup artists transform actors into such diverse characters as dirty-faced orphans, snooty butlers, southern belles, combat soldiers, medieval knights, vampires and werewolves. Sometimes the makeupartist faces the daunting task of changing a man into a woman -- or a woman into a man. Makeup can also be used to create the illusion of a character aging over several decades. But perhaps the makeup artist's greatest challenge is creating characters for films featuring monsters and aliens from outer space. Often this type of makeup takes several hours as it may involve extensive use of cosmetics, prostheses or padding, depending on the desired result. Oscar winners in the category of Makeup include An American Werewolf in London (1981), Mask (1985), The Fly (1986), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Men in Black (1997) and Elizabeth (1998).
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